PCB Ballasts,

PCB Ballasts

An electrical ballast is a device intended to limit the amount of current in an electric circuit. Ballasts vary greatly in complexity. They can be as simple as a series resistor as commonly used with small neon lamps or light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A more complex type is one that uses reactance. Losses in the ballast due to its resistance and losses in its magnetic core may be significant, on the order of 5 to 25% of the lamp input wattage. Practical lighting design calculations must allow for ballast loss in estimating the running cost of a lighting installation. Prior to 1980 in the United States, PCB-based oils were used as an insulating oil in many ballasts to provide cooling and electrical isolation. Older buildings (including schools and commercial operations) will often have PCB ballasts in their fluorescent lights even today because the ballast will work a longer than the bulb. he U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) today released guidance recommending that schools take steps to reduce potential exposures to PCBs from older fluorescent lighting fixtures. The guidance, part of EPA’s ongoing efforts to address potential PCB exposures in schools, is based on evidence that the older ballasts contain PCBs that can leak when the ballasts fail, leading to elevated levels of PCBs in the air of schools that should not represent an immediate threat but could pose health concerns if they persist over time.

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Difficile de résumer la richesse du contenu des présentations et des échanges. Deux mots résument les enjeux et les attentes : usage et usagers. Il est maintenant évident que le mobile a une place à part dans les stratégies marketing. Les nouveaux usages restent encore cependant à inventer et tous, annonceurs, opérateurs, publicitaires partagent la même conviction : l'usager sera vigilant et exigeant car, sans doute plus que tout autre écran, le téléphone portable est un symbole de liberté individuelle.

 

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Of course, the luxurious Moon Palace resort with its 2457 airconditioned, marble-floored rooms with double Jacuzzis and, Gaia forbid! a lavish Jack Nicklaus-designed golf course, 12 bars, oversized swimming pools, unlimited buffet and fully imported white sand beach fashioned from an old mangrove swamp, is hardly an advertisement for the kind of carbon frugality the climatocracy is trying to foist upon the rest of us.

Delegates have been calling for "Second World War-style rationing in rich countries to bring down carbon emissions" from a hotel which is so old-school decadent that the area where the British delegation is headquartered is called the Tequila wing. Brava!

A YouTube video from the conference by the ginger group Americans For Prosperity shows delegates with COP16 (Conference of Parties) lanyards whooping it up at a beachside fiesta.

There were stiltwalkers in sombreros, a mariachi band and veritable oceans of Jose Cuervo Especial tequila, served Mexican-style with salt on the rim of the glass, aka margarita.

Long, tall pina coladas circled on trays as delegates relaxed by the pool under little thatched cabanas.

How many carbon emissions were in those bain maries stuffed with steaming shrimp kebab and Carnes Asadas (barbecued meat)? Far be it from me to decry junketeers. All power to them, but since power is the issue here it might be less hypocritical if the globe-trotting delegates were to meet somewhere a little more consistent with the thrifty lifestyle they advocate - like maybe a cave in Tora Bora.

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As anyone who watches trashy American teen flicks knows, Cancun is the mecca for US college students on Spring Break, the carnal equivalent of schoolies "Gone Wild", where bikini contests and binge drinking are de rigueur.

But scenes of "Greg Combet gone wild" are hardly going to endear the Climate Change Minister to Australians struggling to pay power bills gone wild, thanks to Julia Gillard's promised, unpromised and promised-again carbon tax.

At least this time, compared with last year's climate fest in Copenhagen, we've been spared the hype.

Cancun has half as many delegates (still 22,000 - about the size of Bathurst) and will cost about a third as much ($82 million, not including delegate bills).

Australia's 35-strong delegation, headed by Combet, along with numerous youth delegates, journalists, bloggers and assorted hangers-on, will be more modest than the Kevin Rudd/Penny Wong sleepless extravaganza last year.

This relatively humble outing is in keeping with the much-diminished standing of all things green over the past year.

Copenhagen was a flop, with no binding treaty on carbon dioxide emissions, despite all the pre-conference propaganda.

And, closer to home, the pseudo-environmental socialist Greens party has been losing its sheen ever since the PM entered into a power-sharing deal with them on the strength of the single seat they managed to pick up in Melbourne.

Having Bob Brown and Adam Bandt monopolising the political agenda with their pet projects, such as same-sex marriage and euthanasia, has annoyed a lot of people, not least Labor.

As former NSW ALP Treasurer Michael Costa wrote in the Australian Literary Review yesterday, "Gillard and her advisers have, by formalising a political agreement with the Greens, unnecessarily and irresponsibly legitimised the Greens in the eyes of many ill-informed voters as a credible political force." Costa points out that the "Greens need to be confronted rather than appeased".

At least there are some wise heads in Labor who understand that appeasing Greens will do no good. Confrontation was exactly what was on the mind of Martin Ferguson, Steve Hutchins and others this week when they decided to put nuclear energy on the table, saying it was just as legitimate a topic of debate for the upcoming ALP national conference as gay marriage.

Not that Julia Gillard was giving the idea any love: "The Labor Party's got a really clear policy here," she told Radio 3AW's Neil Mitchell yesterday, "and it's a really long-standing policy of opposition to nuclear power."

But she's not closing off the option, oh no.

The Liberal Party can sit back and watch as Labor goes through the agonies of exorcising the green beast. It took long enough for the conservatives to wake up to the fact that pandering to greenie delusions was not going to be beneficial.

Tony Abbott's upward electoral trajectory was driven by his rejection of the ETS and its faith-based green edifice.

Since nuclear energy is the only feasible way for uranium-rich Australia to actually have "clean" power, it is a debate that is well overdue from both major parties.

For more than a decade Labor and Liberal have been so terrified of losing the support of environmentally minded voters - which, to be clear, is almost everyone - that they have made the mistake of equating eco-fascism with environmentalism.

But the most successful politician in Australia's recent memory, John Howard, made no such mistake.

Remember how he took off his jacket and leaped on stage with all those Labor Tasmanian foresters just before he won the 2004 election?

And of course it was Howard who urged his Victorian colleagues, during his recent book tour, not to preference the Greens.

Ted Ballieu's subsequent preferencing decision was a game changer, with consequences ricocheting around the country.

Look at the dividend for the Victorian Liberals: A last-minute swing, victory, the moral high ground and a clear mandate, owing nothing to anybody except the voters.

Howard's autobiography Lazarus Rising is full of such wisdom.

It should be the handbook for any political party seeking voter approval on genuine issues, rather than sideshows in Mexican resorts.

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